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Part of: Devotional Art - Premodern Japan (3 resources )

Living Images

Copyright
All Rights Reserved
Created by
Robert Jerome Morrissey
Last Updated
May 25, 2022 1:58 p.m.

22 Items in this Learning Collection
Tantric icon in portable case

Collection Object
Bodhisattva Mañjusri (J. Monju Bosatsu), seated on a lion
This icon painting depicts the bodhisattva Monju seated cross-legged on lotus on top of a lion. The figure holds a vajra sword, and is dressed in flowing robes with golden jewelry. Two circular mandorlas surround the figure. 
Collection Object
A Votive plaque depicting the Buddha seated in dhyana mudra, and flanked by two stupas
A small, thin, molded clay plaque with a bas-relief scene.
Collection Object
Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara (Chinese, Guanyin) with a willow branch and vase
A portable icon featuring Guanyin. She is standing in a walking position and is carrying a willow branch and vase.
Collection Object
A Votive plaque depicting a Bodhisattva in Amitabha's (Chinese. Amitofou's) Western Paradise, giving rebirth to new souls from lotus buds
A small, thin, molded clay plaque with a bas-relief scene.
Collection Object
A Votive plaque depicting the Buddha Amitâbha (Chinese, Amitofou) preaching in his Western Paradise
A small, thin, molded clay plaque with a bas-relief scene..
Collection Object
A Votive plaque depicting the Bodhisattva Ksitigarbha (Ch. Dizang), in Amitabha's Western Paradise
A small, thin, molded clay plaque with a bas-relief scene.
Collection Object
Suiten kyo (Sutra of Varuna, Deity of the Waters)
This is a long horizontal scroll with several calligraphic inscriptions on the right portion of the paper. On the left are 3 figural scenes. The one closest to the writing shows a male figure wearing a large headdress seated in the lotus position within a circle. Next there is a figure with four arms who stands on the back of a dragon. Two people stand on either side- one a short blue-skinned man who holds a bowl and the other a smaller figure who holds a brush and paper. The third scene shows a male figure, seated in the lotus position, who holds a sword, a wheel, a brush and paper in his four hands.
Collection Object
Sutra Scroll Container with Cover

Collection Object
Bodhisattva Mañjusri (J. Monju Bosatsu) seated on a lion
This depiction of Monju (Sanskrit: Mañjuśrī), the bodhisattva of wisdom, shows him seated on his typical lion mount, holding a vajra sword and lotus, upon which rests a sutra scroll. While most of the pigments have deteriorated with age, the brightly colored lotus and dappled skin of the lion suggest the original vibrant colors of the image. 
Collection Object
Bodhisattva (Jokaisho Bosatsu): esoteric Buddhist iconographic drawing
An illustration of the bodhisattva Jokaishō, the divine figure is seated on a lotus blossom venerating a reliquary. The figure sits cross-legged on a red lotus blossom, while beneath the figure is a blue sutra box on a green and yellow lotus. The image is depicted with largely even "iron-wire" lines typical of Heian period Buddhist painting. 
Collection Object
The Daibutsu (Great Buddha) at Kamakura
The daibutsu, or giant buddha, statue takes up the bulk of the pictorial space. Curving upwards and towards the statue is a large pine. At the feet of the green hued daibutsu statue are three women of different generations: a young girl, an adult woman, and an elderly woman. Although a few clouds hover in the sky, the sun appears to be shining brightly, casting some shadows of nearby trees into the picture.
Collection Object
Buddha Asyura (Ashura, Kôfukuji, Nara)

Collection Object
Ôtsu-e: The Thunder God Fishing for His Drum
This painting portrays the Thunder God (Raijin), a powerful and ferocious figure, is fishing for his drum, carelessly dropped in the ocean.
Collection Object
Ôtsu-e: Demon soliciting alms (Oni no nembutsu)
In this painting, a mischievous demon is depicted in priest’s garb begging for alms.
Collection Object
Ôtsu-e: Benkei with a Halberd (Naginata Benkei)
This painting portrays Saito Musashibo Benkei holding a halberd. Benkei was a Japanese warrior monk, a popular subject of Japanese folklore. Here the painting is accompanied by text, which became common on images with moralistic messages poking fun at society.
Collection Object
Rubbing of a Folk Carving: Gozanze Myôô, mounted on a Bull

Collection Object
Rubbing of a Folk Buddhist Carving of a Buddhist Guardian King (a Lokapala or one of the four Shitennô)

Collection Object
Ôtsu-e: Warrior Monk of Mii Temple Tossing Armor
There is a warrior monk in the middle of the page holding black armor above his head, getting ready to toss it. There are a couple lines of writing above his head and a signature and two seals in the bottom right corner of the hanging scroll.
Collection Object
Demon Soliticing Contributions
This is a hanging scroll painted with ink and color on paper with the main subject of a demon or&nbsp;<em>oni</em>. The demon has horns in its head and stands as if in motion. On its front leg closest to the viewer is a piece of paper with writing. Above its head is an inscription in four lines descending in order from the upper right. On the bottom right corner is another inscription followed by two red seals.&nbsp;
Collection Object
Jizo Bosatsu (?)

Collection Object
The Bodhisattva Jizô with a demon and children
This painting depicts the bodhisattva Jizō standing by the bank of a river surrounded by children.  The majority of these are seated on the ground, creating small piles of rocks, but a few pull on the divinity’s robes. At a distance is a red demonic figure (oni) leaning on a staff with his arm outstretched over the water. 
Collection Object
Devotional Art - Premodern Japan

This is a collection of Buddhist artworks held by UMMA from the period before 1600 in Japan.

Copyright
All Rights Reserved
Created by
Esther Ladkau
Last Updated
May 25, 2022 1:58 p.m.

3 Items in this Learning Collection
Stupa: Hyakuman tô (one of one million pagodas)
Wooden miniture model of a tower, comprised of a round base, a bar in the middle where three larger discs and six or seven small discs are inserted. A bulb-shaped ornament rests on top.
Collection Object
Bodhisattva Mañjusri (J. Monju Bosatsu), seated on a lion
This icon painting depicts the bodhisattva Monju seated cross-legged on lotus on top of a lion. The figure holds a vajra sword, and is dressed in flowing robes with golden jewelry. Two circular mandorlas surround the figure. 
Collection Object
Suiten kyo (Sutra of Varuna, Deity of the Waters)
This is a long horizontal scroll with several calligraphic inscriptions on the right portion of the paper. On the left are 3 figural scenes. The one closest to the writing shows a male figure wearing a large headdress seated in the lotus position within a circle. Next there is a figure with four arms who stands on the back of a dragon. Two people stand on either side- one a short blue-skinned man who holds a bowl and the other a smaller figure who holds a brush and paper. The third scene shows a male figure, seated in the lotus position, who holds a sword, a wheel, a brush and paper in his four hands.
Collection Object
History 195:004 Dragons and Snow Monkeys

Copyright
All Rights Reserved
Created by
Esther Ladkau
Last Updated
May 25, 2022 1:58 p.m.

4 Items in this Learning Collection
Supernatural in Japanese Art
This double-leaf print depicts two camels and accompanying foreign trainers or performers in fringed clothing, with ballooning pants and dark boots. Some of the performers play instruments, while others tend to the camels. Above both pages is writing by calligrapher Santô Kyôden describing the camels and their tour of Japan around 1821.
Resource with 14 media
Bodhisattva Mañjusri (J. Monju Bosatsu), seated on a lion
This icon painting depicts the bodhisattva Monju seated cross-legged on lotus on top of a lion. The figure holds a vajra sword, and is dressed in flowing robes with golden jewelry. Two circular mandorlas surround the figure. 
Collection Object
Suiten kyo (Sutra of Varuna, Deity of the Waters)
This is a long horizontal scroll with several calligraphic inscriptions on the right portion of the paper. On the left are 3 figural scenes. The one closest to the writing shows a male figure wearing a large headdress seated in the lotus position within a circle. Next there is a figure with four arms who stands on the back of a dragon. Two people stand on either side- one a short blue-skinned man who holds a bowl and the other a smaller figure who holds a brush and paper. The third scene shows a male figure, seated in the lotus position, who holds a sword, a wheel, a brush and paper in his four hands.
Collection Object
[Facsimile] Meisho Edo hyakkei: Oji, New Year's Eve Foxfires at Nettle Tree
A group of deer-like animals are resting under two trees at nightfall. There are twinkling stars shining in the dark sky and a forest in the distance.
Collection Object
ASIAN 244-Diversities of Writing in Japan

A chance to think through how the visual impact of text, image, and text with image.

Copyright
All Rights Reserved
Created by
Erin Leigh Brightwell
Last Updated
May 25, 2022 1:58 p.m.

24 Items in this Learning Collection
Mirror

Collection Object
Mirror

Collection Object
Mirror

Collection Object
Calligraphy sample in Seal Script

Collection Object
Calligraphy: "Bird" in seal script, plus two lines
This is a hanging scroll of calligraphy. On the uppermost section is one large character. Underneath it is two lines. There are three different sized of fonts on this scroll, the uppermost character is the largest. On the right, there are four characters of the medium-sized font. On the left are two or three characters (it is difficult to read) of the medium writing followed by the smallest size of writing directly below. There is a total of three red seals. One on the upper right, on the corner of the largest character, and two on the bottom left next to the small font line.
Collection Object
Suiten kyo (Sutra of Varuna, Deity of the Waters)
This is a long horizontal scroll with several calligraphic inscriptions on the right portion of the paper. On the left are 3 figural scenes. The one closest to the writing shows a male figure wearing a large headdress seated in the lotus position within a circle. Next there is a figure with four arms who stands on the back of a dragon. Two people stand on either side- one a short blue-skinned man who holds a bowl and the other a smaller figure who holds a brush and paper. The third scene shows a male figure, seated in the lotus position, who holds a sword, a wheel, a brush and paper in his four hands.
Collection Object
Sutra Fragment, Calligraphy in Block Script
An excerpt from the Lotus Sutra (Japanese: Myōhō Renge Kyō), this sutra uses gold pigment on indigo dyed paper.
Collection Object
Sutra Scroll Container with Cover

Collection Object
Thirty-six Immortal Poets: Taira no Kanemori
A male figure is sitting sideways, his face looking toward the front right. He wears a long black cap, a red under-kimono, a grayish-color jacket with geometric patterns, and right gray color pantaloons. He holds a fan, which is peeking from the right sleeve. The painting is accompanied by calligraphy on the right side of the figure. The painting is mounted on gold brocade with strips of purple and gold brocade on top and bottom of the painting.
Collection Object
Camel
This double-leaf print depicts two camels and accompanying foreign trainers or performers in fringed clothing, with ballooning pants and dark boots. Some of the performers play instruments, while others tend to the camels. Above both pages is writing by calligrapher Santô Kyôden describing the camels and their tour of Japan around 1821.
Collection Object
Camel
This double-leaf print depicts two camels and accompanying foreign trainers or performers in fringed clothing, with ballooning pants and dark boots. Some of the performers play instruments, while others tend to the camels. Above both pages is writing by calligrapher Santô Kyôden describing the camels and their tour of Japan around 1821.
Collection Object
Sunrise at Benten Shrine, Suzaki Cape
Two geisha (itinerant musicians) are shown strolling in the countryside, with the roof of Benten Shintô shrine in the distance. The backdrop is the rising sun—the give-away that this is a New Year’s print—seen over distant mountains and a calm bay. One woman stoops to empty the ashes from her pipe, while the other draws her kimono closely about her. A poem lies just above the rising sun in the top left register of the morning sky.
Collection Object
Ogura-sen Hyakunin Isshu: Murasaki Shikibu (Kano'en Gundaiyu? and Isamu Rokichirô?, two Samurai of Aizu)
According to the colophon, the figures depicted in the lower part of the print are two samurai of Aizu; the large figure in the front is Isamu Sôkichirô, who has challenged the figure in the rear, Rokuya Ongun Taiyu, to a vendetta.
Collection Object
Seated Woman
A woman in kimono sits with her sleeve to her mouth. The kimono is decorated with fall leaves, and she sits behind lacquwe tea ware. Above her are crest-like decorations in blue, backgrounding the open pages of a book.
Collection Object
Shuten Dôji; 1/3 of triptych; see 1985/1.178B

Collection Object
Shuten Dôji; 1/3 of triptych; see also 1985/178A

Collection Object
Memorial portrait of Nakamura Utaemon [IV]; dated Ka'ei 5/2/17

Collection Object
Moonlight and calligraphy
This is a painting of a fan. As for the details on the fan, on the left side, there is a drawing of the full moon partly&nbsp;hidden behind clouds. On the right side is writing in calligraphy. There is another line of calligraphy&nbsp;father&nbsp;to the left of the moon. Some of the writing is in red.
Collection Object
Portrait of the Poet 'Basho'
This portrait of the poet Matsuo Bashō is constructed with seemingly effortless caligraphic lines, and surrounded by lines from one of the poet's works. The figure sits looking out at the viewer, beside his hat and a square container with a handle. The artist's seal is placed to the left of the figure, visually recalling the objects beside the poet on his other side. 
Collection Object
Broom, Poems, and Poets
&quot;On&nbsp;the&nbsp;right&nbsp;side&nbsp;is&nbsp;a&nbsp;drawing&nbsp;of&nbsp;a&nbsp;straw&nbsp;broom&nbsp;accompanied&nbsp;by&nbsp;a&nbsp;single&nbsp;line&nbsp;of&nbsp;verse that reads,<br /> Ippatsu ichiboku&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;One&nbsp;stroke, one&nbsp;line&nbsp;<br /> Soha&nbsp;zokujin&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Sweeps&nbsp;away worldly&nbsp;dust.<br /> In&nbsp;a&nbsp;Zen&nbsp;fashion&nbsp;the&nbsp;poem&nbsp;suggests&nbsp;that&nbsp;one&nbsp;line&nbsp;of&nbsp;ink&nbsp;will clear&nbsp;away&nbsp;the&nbsp;confusion&nbsp;of&nbsp;everyday&nbsp;life. The&nbsp;sweeping action&nbsp;is&nbsp;materialized&nbsp;by&nbsp;the&nbsp;sketch&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;broom.<br /> The&nbsp;next&nbsp;poem&nbsp;plays&nbsp;upon&nbsp;the&nbsp;sweeping&nbsp;action mentioned&nbsp;above,<br /> Yukuharu&nbsp;no &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Departing&nbsp;Spring&#39;s<br /> Shiripeta&nbsp;harau&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Buttocks&nbsp;are&nbsp;brushed
Collection Object
Beauty (Taifu)
A colored image of a single woman at the center of the scroll. She appears to be seated though there is nothing beneath her. Her kimono is grey with green grass designs and her under kimono is white. Her obi is a red and green stylized design. Above her head is an inscription.
Collection Object
Calligraphy: Watching Ducks on a Spring Morning
In this monumental scroll, Nukina Kaioku has brushed a Chinese poem of his own composition, on the enduring theme of nature as refreshment for the spirit. Note his masterful variation of thick and thin strokes, wet and dry ink, stately and rapid movement.<br />The verses may be tentatively rendered into English as follows:<br /> Mandarin ducks enjoy the fresh water; their graceful forms glow as they pass through channels in the reeds.<br /> Pushing beyond the thickets [to the open pond], they call to one another again and again in the dawn.<br /> A crimson mist breaks through gaps in the glade, its glow warming hidden nests.<br /> Waking up with nothing to do, [I came here] to playfully row among the spring waves.
Collection Object
Calligraphy
A long hanging scroll with stamps in the top right and middle left of the scroll. The five lines of characters are very shaky.
Collection Object
And Naturally Ripens into Fruit
Hanging scroll with five large calligraphic kanji characters. The lower right contains further text and orangish read seals. The background brocade on which it is mounted is green and gold and has a floral design. Two strips of other material lie across the top and bottom of the white material on which teh calligraphy is painted. These strips also have a floral design and a light gold/yellow background.
Collection Object
22 Items in this Learning Collection
Tantric icon in portable case

Collection Object
Bodhisattva Mañjusri (J. Monju Bosatsu), seated on a lion
This icon painting depicts the bodhisattva Monju seated cross-legged on lotus on top of a lion. The figure holds a vajra sword, and is dressed in flowing robes with golden jewelry. Two circular mandorlas surround the figure. 
Collection Object
A Votive plaque depicting the Buddha seated in dhyana mudra, and flanked by two stupas
A small, thin, molded clay plaque with a bas-relief scene.
Collection Object
Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara (Chinese, Guanyin) with a willow branch and vase
A portable icon featuring Guanyin. She is standing in a walking position and is carrying a willow branch and vase.
Collection Object
A Votive plaque depicting a Bodhisattva in Amitabha's (Chinese. Amitofou's) Western Paradise, giving rebirth to new souls from lotus buds
A small, thin, molded clay plaque with a bas-relief scene.
Collection Object
A Votive plaque depicting the Buddha Amitâbha (Chinese, Amitofou) preaching in his Western Paradise
A small, thin, molded clay plaque with a bas-relief scene..
Collection Object
A Votive plaque depicting the Bodhisattva Ksitigarbha (Ch. Dizang), in Amitabha's Western Paradise
A small, thin, molded clay plaque with a bas-relief scene.
Collection Object
Suiten kyo (Sutra of Varuna, Deity of the Waters)
This is a long horizontal scroll with several calligraphic inscriptions on the right portion of the paper. On the left are 3 figural scenes. The one closest to the writing shows a male figure wearing a large headdress seated in the lotus position within a circle. Next there is a figure with four arms who stands on the back of a dragon. Two people stand on either side- one a short blue-skinned man who holds a bowl and the other a smaller figure who holds a brush and paper. The third scene shows a male figure, seated in the lotus position, who holds a sword, a wheel, a brush and paper in his four hands.
Collection Object
Sutra Scroll Container with Cover

Collection Object
Bodhisattva Mañjusri (J. Monju Bosatsu) seated on a lion
This depiction of Monju (Sanskrit: Mañjuśrī), the bodhisattva of wisdom, shows him seated on his typical lion mount, holding a vajra sword and lotus, upon which rests a sutra scroll. While most of the pigments have deteriorated with age, the brightly colored lotus and dappled skin of the lion suggest the original vibrant colors of the image. 
Collection Object
Bodhisattva (Jokaisho Bosatsu): esoteric Buddhist iconographic drawing
An illustration of the bodhisattva Jokaishō, the divine figure is seated on a lotus blossom venerating a reliquary. The figure sits cross-legged on a red lotus blossom, while beneath the figure is a blue sutra box on a green and yellow lotus. The image is depicted with largely even "iron-wire" lines typical of Heian period Buddhist painting. 
Collection Object
The Daibutsu (Great Buddha) at Kamakura
The daibutsu, or giant buddha, statue takes up the bulk of the pictorial space. Curving upwards and towards the statue is a large pine. At the feet of the green hued daibutsu statue are three women of different generations: a young girl, an adult woman, and an elderly woman. Although a few clouds hover in the sky, the sun appears to be shining brightly, casting some shadows of nearby trees into the picture.
Collection Object
Buddha Asyura (Ashura, Kôfukuji, Nara)

Collection Object
Ôtsu-e: The Thunder God Fishing for His Drum
This painting portrays the Thunder God (Raijin), a powerful and ferocious figure, is fishing for his drum, carelessly dropped in the ocean.
Collection Object
Ôtsu-e: Demon soliciting alms (Oni no nembutsu)
In this painting, a mischievous demon is depicted in priest’s garb begging for alms.
Collection Object
Ôtsu-e: Benkei with a Halberd (Naginata Benkei)
This painting portrays Saito Musashibo Benkei holding a halberd. Benkei was a Japanese warrior monk, a popular subject of Japanese folklore. Here the painting is accompanied by text, which became common on images with moralistic messages poking fun at society.
Collection Object
Rubbing of a Folk Carving: Gozanze Myôô, mounted on a Bull

Collection Object
Rubbing of a Folk Buddhist Carving of a Buddhist Guardian King (a Lokapala or one of the four Shitennô)

Collection Object
Ôtsu-e: Warrior Monk of Mii Temple Tossing Armor
There is a warrior monk in the middle of the page holding black armor above his head, getting ready to toss it. There are a couple lines of writing above his head and a signature and two seals in the bottom right corner of the hanging scroll.
Collection Object
Demon Soliticing Contributions
This is a hanging scroll painted with ink and color on paper with the main subject of a demon or&nbsp;<em>oni</em>. The demon has horns in its head and stands as if in motion. On its front leg closest to the viewer is a piece of paper with writing. Above its head is an inscription in four lines descending in order from the upper right. On the bottom right corner is another inscription followed by two red seals.&nbsp;
Collection Object
Jizo Bosatsu (?)

Collection Object
The Bodhisattva Jizô with a demon and children
This painting depicts the bodhisattva Jizō standing by the bank of a river surrounded by children.  The majority of these are seated on the ground, creating small piles of rocks, but a few pull on the divinity’s robes. At a distance is a red demonic figure (oni) leaning on a staff with his arm outstretched over the water. 
Collection Object

Copyright
All Rights Reserved ()

Suiten kyo (Sutra of Varuna, Deity of the Waters)

Accession Number
1964/2.104

Title
Suiten kyo (Sutra of Varuna, Deity of the Waters)

Artist(s)
Japanese

Artist Nationality
Japanese (culture or style)

Object Creation Date
circa 1300-1335

Medium & Support
handscroll, ink and color on paper

Dimensions
11 1/4 in x 81 1/8 in (28.6 cm x 206.1 cm)

Credit Line
Gift of Harold Phillip Stern, presented in memory of Archibald Gibson Wenley

Label copy
Suiten kyo ̄: Sutra of Varuna,
Deity of the Waters
Japan
Kamakura period (1185–1333)
to early Muromachi period
(1333–1573)
1300–35
Handscroll, ink and color on paper
Gift of Harold Phillip Stern, presented
in memory of Archibald Gibson Wenley,
1964/2.104
For centuries, chanting sutras (Buddhist scriptures)
have been an important part of Buddhist spiritual
practice. Sutras are studied and recited in order to
attain an understanding of the Buddhist way. They
are also copied or commissioned as an act of merit.
The central deity depicted in this sutra is Suiten, the
god of waters, who was associated with fishermen
and a variety of mythical water creatures. Here, Suiten
is astride a giant water dragon. The fierce deity on the
far left clasps a wheel of dharma (associated with the
Buddhist law, but also with the concept of fate) and
a sword for vanquishing evil. He also holds a brush
and scroll, characteristic of Ko ̄mokuten, one of the
Mantra Kings in esoteric Buddhism, known for their
wisdom and responsibility. Ko ̄mokuten represents
limitless vision and is commonly depicted with
serpents, like the ones writhing outwards from his
hair.

Subject matter
In esoteric Buddhism and other Buddhist sects, chanting sutras is an important part of spiritual practice. The central deity depicted in this sutra is Suiten, the god of waters known in Hindu as Varuna. In Japan, Suiten was associated not only with the sea, but also with fishermen and a variety of mythical water creatures, including dragons and snakes. Here, Suiten is astride a giant water dragon. The fierce deity on the far left clasps a wheel of dharma (associated with the law but also with the concept of fate) and a sword for vanquishing evil. He also holds a brush and scroll, characteristic of Komokuten, one of the Mantra Kings in esoteric Buddhism, known for their wisdom and responsibility. Komokuten represents limitless vision and is commonly depicted with nagas, or serpents like the ones writhing outwards from his hair.

Physical Description
This is a long horizontal scroll with several calligraphic inscriptions on the right portion of the paper. On the left are 3 figural scenes. The one closest to the writing shows a male figure wearing a large headdress seated in the lotus position within a circle. Next there is a figure with four arms who stands on the back of a dragon. Two people stand on either side- one a short blue-skinned man who holds a bowl and the other a smaller figure who holds a brush and paper. The third scene shows a male figure, seated in the lotus position, who holds a sword, a wheel, a brush and paper in his four hands.

Primary Object Classification
Painting

Primary Object Type
handscroll

Collection Area
Asian

Rights
If you are interested in using an image for a publication, please visit http://umma.umich.edu/request-image for more information and to fill out the online Image Rights and Reproductions Request Form.

Keywords
Buddhism
Figures
Japan
calligraphy
calligraphy (process)
dragon
dragons
figures (representations)
handscroll
handscrolls

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Classical Japanese vs. Classical Chinese
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& Author Notes

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